Essay on Informative Speech - Barbie - 940 Words

Speech Outline To inform the audience about Barbie Doll March 27, 2014 I. Introduction: A. She has had more than 80 careers in her lifetime, from a Rock Star to a paleontologist, to a Presidential candidate. Many of you in this room have probably either purchased or owned one†¦she is Barbie!! B. With her good looks, charm, and charisma, she won audiences over in record time. C. Preview of Main Points: 1. First, I will discuss the Origination of Barbie. 2. Second, I will discuss her growing popularity. 3. Finally, I will discuss what the affect she had had on little girls and what is known as Barbie backlash. D. I have been fascinated by the history of Barbie for as long as I can remember. I have owned an†¦show more content†¦She talked mainly about fashion and going to parties. (6) In 1961, Ken was introduced into the world. a. Named after Ruth’s son Kenneth. b. He was the fictional boyfriend of Barbie (although Mattel never specified the precise nature of their relationship). c. Similar to Barbie, he has a fantastic line of clothing and accessories. d. Since his debut, he has held at least 40 occupations. II. Second Main Point: The popularity Barbie has gained. A. From the beginning to the present she is one of the hottest selling toys in the world. 1. First career was a Teenage Fashion model. 2. She expanded her fashion range with new outfits to match her growing number of more than 80 careers. (even having to go through the Pentagon to get approval for the military dolls, so there outfits were the most realistic) 3. She portrays more than 50 different nationalities and cultures. 4. She is sold in over 150 countries around the world. 5. According to barbiemedia.com 90% of girls ages 3 to 10 own a Barbie doll. 6. There are movies, coloring books, and even Halloween costumes that have been made because of Barbie. 7. Barbie’s family has also grown adding to the line of items available for purchase. â€Å"My whole philosophy of Barbie was that through the doll, the little girl could be anything she wanted to be, Barbie always represented the fact that a woman has choices.† Quoted from Ruth Handler. B. She is a worldwide fashion muse and popShow MoreRelatedInformative Speech about Barbie Dolls Essay735 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Kaitlyn Wyman Informative Speech Outline Objective: I will give an informative speech about the history of Mattell’s Barbie Doll.    I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: a. Girls, this is a question for you. How many of you have had Barbie dolls growing up? (Have time to answer) b. Well, believe it or not, our beloved Barbie dolls have a whole lot of history behind them. B. Tie to the audience: a. I think we, as girls, can all vouch that Barbie dolls were all the rage and so muchRead MoreEssay on Informative speech1259 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿[TEMPLATE FOR AN INFORMATIVE SPEECH PREPARATION OUTLINE] The Effects of Disney Films Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the different stereotypes Disney portrayed in their movies. Central Idea/Thesis Statement: Different types of stereotypes in Disney movies effect children’s view on gender roles. INTRODUCTION I. When you wish upon a star; makes no difference who you are†¦. Or does it? If you recognized this classic Disney song, that means you grew up watching Disney duringRead MorePeer Pressure2910 Words   |  12 Pagesbe a welcome break from citing Mark Anthony s oft quoted, Friends, Romans, Countrymen... speech. A good debate topic does not necessarily need to be a political topic. It can be funny, informative, contemplative, social, economical - the categories are endless. Debate topics for students need to be chosen keeping in mind the maturity level and understanding that they may be expected to have about the speech topic at hand. Always make a shortlist of topics that will seem interesting to the target

Village Life vs City Life Free Essays

It is a firm belief on the part of people that there is a big difference between village life and city life. It is absolutely true that the life in a village and that in a city varies so much that the difference is glaring at times. In fact it can very well be said that people living in cities are different from people living in villages. We will write a custom essay sample on Village Life vs City Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is normal feeling amongst us that city life is more enjoyable than village life. It is only an assumption. City life is endowed with a lot of advantages. This is because of the fact that there are a number of opportunities open to you in a city. City life is provided with a lot of facilities too. You would not find many facilities and opportunities in a village. Parents would be happy to send their children to cities for higher studies rather than to villages. Cities are endowed with quality higher education institutions whereas villages are not endowed with high quality colleges and universities. In addition to schools and colleges, city life is preferred for improved medical facilities. If someone falls ill in the family, you tend to take him or her to a popular hospital in a city since villages are not equipped with the best of medical attention. The number of hospitals in a city and the facilities are far more when compared to that in a village. A city has banks, cinema theaters, parks, golf courses, sports stadiums, clubs, hostels and shopping malls. The behavior of people in a city is different from that of the people in a village. People in a city are generally unfriendly and they maintain distant from others. The people in villages on the other hand are warm-hearted and friendly. Villagers receive you well where as city-dwellers tend to be within doors. People in villages are very helpful in nature whereas people living in cities tend to be more selfish in their attitude. A city is characterized by various kinds of pollution such as noise pollution, visual pollution and air pollution. This is due to that fact that there a number of factories, industries and mills in a city than in villages. Hence villages are endowed with pure air devoid of pollution. Visual and noise pollution are also less in villages. Since village life is calm and quiet and bereft of pollution of any kind, older people tend to settle down in villages after their retirement from service How to cite Village Life vs City Life, Essays

10 Best Practices to Make Your Sunday School Grow Essay Example For Students

10 Best Practices to Make Your Sunday School Grow Essay Thursday April 29,2004Introduction to Christian EducationMidterm PaperIn the Book 10 Best Practices to make Your Sunday School Grow the Authors, Ken Hemphill and Bill Taylor Offer Ten Examples of tried methods of Growing a Working Sunday School. I wish to take an opposing viewpoint and offer to you three reasons why one of these best practices has not worked in my past experience. I play the devils advocate here. I do hope there is little dislike of me afterward. In Chapter 2 the Authors head their Second Practice as Organize with Purpose. I will offer now three reasons why the content of this chapter not only does not work in all situations, but rather, fails in most. I have been in the Church of the Nazarene for 27 years that I can remember. (There have actually been 31, but youll forgive my lack of memory prior to age 4.) My Father was, at the time, an Ordained Elder in the Church of the Nazarene on the New England District as an assistant Pastor at the Hopedale Church of the Nazarene under Rev. John Newell. They began the arduous task of rebuilding a congregation whose attendance had fallen to the brink of non-existence. There they instituted all of the freshly learned theological training given them by the excellent educators at Eastern Nazarene College. Including newer concepts at the time of how to build and grow a Sunday School. To the best of my recollection the Ordering of the classes here was completely ineffectual. There were too few interested people, too few classrooms, and too few workers. The Sunday School was my sister and myself. There were no adults who wanted to be involved in Sunday School as students. Here lies my first argume nt with our distinguished Authors. Their plan may work in a functioning but diminishing Sunday School that simply needs new life, but in a situation as described above, it becomes a fruitless endeavor. The Harvest is plentiful, but the workers are few is a truth, but there can be no harvesters if there is no harvest to bring in. As I grew older and began to realize there was a call on my own life, and I began to rebel against Gods Plans for me I fought against the constraints of an ordered Sunday School. Here I was in High School, Trying to find myself in this world and in God and was placed in Classes with others my age who were not of the same ilk as I. (i.e. a Pastors Kid.) We clashed. Bitterly. The others did not possess any sort of Education in the Church, and those that did were newly educated, and had only a partial view of a very big Picture. As if viewed through a pinhole in a shoebox. Here lies my second disagreement with the goodly gentlemen Authors. A structured Sunday School does no good if those being structured shouldnt be housed within the same framework as others. It is on the level of putting High School Seniors in classes with 6th Graders. The younger students have the basic grasp of what they are going to need to continue their education, but do not possess the additional information need ed to finish the tasks set before them in a proper manner. Mathematic Principles are necessary to perform complicated Calculus functions, but simply having the basic principles in hand does not make them able to perform the Calculus. On the contrary, this seems to bring about greater confusion and inability to perform them. Now that I have finally stopped running from the Lords call on my life and have accepted the new direction He has pointed me in, I find myself in a situation much more in tune with what Mr. Hemphill and Mr. Taylor are trying to get across. I attend The Church of the Nazarene where I am a Member and a Locally licensed Minister. There the Sunday School has indeed shrunk, but it has also grown. Please, allow me to explain. Though the numbers of attendees has dropped, the number of classes has increased as people of the same learning and not just age are in classes with their peers. This however has led to one other difficulty that is foreseen, but not duly addressed in this book. We now have a class of know-it-alls who have been in the church since the suns light first shone on the Earth, and a class of empty vessels that we are filling to the best of our ability to be the next leaders. The know-it-alls are the problem. They range in age from late teenage to early seventies and they are just happy as clams to possess what they already possess and dont want to possess anymore. Now that these folks have been properly arranged, where do we get the leaders for the know-it-alls. They already know it all. At least they do if you ask them and theyll tell you they do. Our greatest teacher in the Church is already committed to another class and well gifted for that class. The flaw here is that the organization happened without the training. The Church, as our Authors did, got ahead of itself. .u3eb6b8f00f510a5d54d2d0be6de851a0 , .u3eb6b8f00f510a5d54d2d0be6de851a0 .postImageUrl , .u3eb6b8f00f510a5d54d2d0be6de851a0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3eb6b8f00f510a5d54d2d0be6de851a0 , .u3eb6b8f00f510a5d54d2d0be6de851a0:hover , .u3eb6b8f00f510a5d54d2d0be6de851a0:visited , .u3eb6b8f00f510a5d54d2d0be6de851a0:active { border:0!important; } .u3eb6b8f00f510a5d54d2d0be6de851a0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3eb6b8f00f510a5d54d2d0be6de851a0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3eb6b8f00f510a5d54d2d0be6de851a0:active , .u3eb6b8f00f510a5d54d2d0be6de851a0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3eb6b8f00f510a5d54d2d0be6de851a0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3eb6b8f00f510a5d54d2d0be6de851a0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3eb6b8f00f510a5d54d2d0be6de851a0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3eb6b8f00f510a5d54d2d0be6de851a0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3eb6b8f00f510a5d54d2d0be6de851a0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3eb6b8f00f510a5d54d2d0be6de851a0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3eb6b8f00f510a5d54d2d0be6de851a0 .u3eb6b8f00f510a5d54d2d0be6de851a0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3eb6b8f00f510a5d54d2d0be6de851a0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Musee des Beaux Arts Essay SummaryHere, I have asked you to follow the negative side to the Second Chapter of 10 Best Practices to make Your Sunday School Grow. You need not agree with me, that is not my intent. Only to make you think about it.

Rap Music Affects Society Negatively an Example of the Topic Health Essays by

Rap Music Affects Society Negatively INTRODUCTION The media has been vital in the rise of rap music. The media became an avenue in which rap music was given birth. Media is the most power tool for communication nowadays. Peoples exposure to media is an inevitable part of life. Most people or perhaps all people spend their free time listening and watching media. Media is the most powerful force that shapes the world. Media influences culture because of the fact that people are greatly exposed to it. As a matter of fact, what the world today is greatly influenced by media. The effects to society by media depend on what message it banners. If media banners violence, people who patronize it can be violent too. Through media, we can convey any information we want using the internet, radio, television and others. Need essay sample on "Rap Music Affects Society Negatively" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Students Often Tell EssayLab specialists: How much do I have to pay someone to write my assignment online? Professional writers advise: Essay Company Review Websites That Hire Writers University Essay Writing Service Cheap Essay Writing Service Rap music, is rooted in the African tradition of speaking rhythmically to a beat generally supplied by background music. Grandmaster Flash and Kool Herc are credited with being instrumental in the development of rap music as a distinct genre in the 1970s, which at the time was party- oriented (Mnet, 2006). Self-expression is a driving factor in the composition of its lyrics and background beat. Producers and entertainment moguls are quick to say that rap is an extension of poetry. An endless line of rhythmic words bring messages to life. The incessant and rapid talk in the middle of a blaring music has captured the attention of numerous individuals most especially the youth. Rap is a tool which allows the societys lethal elements to voice out their thoughts about personal frustrations and suffering. To say there is no influence and no effect is nave, said Murray Forman, professor of media studies at Northeastern University in Boston (Killion, 2005). NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF RAP MUSIC Rap music is posing a serious danger to the society. As part of media, it is influencing the lives of many individuals especially the young people. Numerous teenagers and children are seeking their models in life. It is important that these kids are led towards the right path in everything they do with their lives. But watching the fame and fortune being enjoyed by many rappers will encourage a large population of young individuals to follow the footsteps of these rap stars. This is where the problem begins. Stereotypes also play a big role in the many influences of rap music. Gang banging, drugs, alcohol, jewelry, money, cars, baggy clothes, style and fashion are some examples of hip hop stereotypes (Minor, n. d.). Most rappers are founded in the gangster era. This is the main reason why violence is a favorite topic in rap songs. Many rap artists portray themselves as kings or bosses. The violent and materialistic lifestyle that rap artists portray influences the young people on how to live their lives. Most of the young people become also attached to the lifestyle that their favorite rap artist have. The primary problem brought by rap music is the stature and image flaunted by most rappers. Money is the biggest reason why ordinary people wanted to become celebrities. Rap artists are no different from the popular crowd. With songs that are considered a nuisance to the ears of many, except of course to the adoring fans, these individuals are piling up their millions at the bank. Everybody wants to get rich and they found a genre to make things possible. No matter what young people are snared by the dream of making it to the big leagues. They look up to the rappers as their models. But more than that, rap artists are sharing the lives of many teenagers and children. A lot of these famous individuals have humble beginnings. They know what it means to be poor. They know what it means to have no home or get evicted from rented places. This is the connection which the young people can relate to deeply. Among the rap figures did they find the representations of their plight. Once upon a time, these artists have been undergoing the same experience. But being driven by money, young people who are idolizing rap artists slowly deviates to the notion that life, more than anything else, must be lived in values and virtues and not in material longings. The second negative factor that brings rap music in a bad light is the image it portrays in the art world. People affiliated with the said music compare it to poetry. While this may be true, many lyrics in rap songs possess a vulgar and disturbing presence among its listeners. Poems seek the light in its highest form. It reflects an inner description of inspiration coming from the individual. Rap like poetry is a means of expressing the inner self. The primary concern was the content of the lyrics, particularly the glamorization of violence, sex, and drug use (Fried, 2003). Instead of making values as the central message of rap music, it goes the other way. Rap music banners negative expressions. Many lines in rap songs reveal a negative opinion about dissatisfaction about the world in general. Suffering and pain are the common themes of rap artists. The only problem about the suggestive remarks in the albums is that violent measures are introduced and encouraged. Most artists feel that a sense of powerlessness to change conditions in complex social, political, and economic issues led them to seek ways to express their discontent (Midgett, n. d.). Through rap music, these individuals are able to bring out their real thoughts and emotions about the things that they hated all their lives. Problems that pose as barriers are brought to life through words which are seen as negative and uninspiring. Lots of children and teenagers are misguided by the thrill and the excitement that comes with the songs. The messages become the motivational tool for many young people to arm themselves against the sufferings of life. Words of disturbance are being used by the youth of today. It is a b ad influence since the profanity in rap encourages people to rebel against the elements which inhibit the current situation that they are in. Rap music is being played over and over again. This is the most dangerous and critical part of listening to this particular kind of music. The minds of the young and the youth are vulnerable targets for destruction. Along the way, obscene and dirty messages are picked up during the process of appreciating rap songs. With everyone riding high on the popularity of the songs, nobody is guiding or advising the listeners about the immediate effects of the profanities found in rap lyrics. People are being drawn into thinking that what is depicted in the songs is morally correct and accepted by the society. It was not created overnight to corrupt the minds of youth but was born out of a frustration that had no other outlet of expression but through the art of rap music (Midgett, n. d.). People think, and it is up to them to train the young ones to choose and be aware about things that matter. The result of negative messages such as violence from rap music can be devastating. As negative messages from media progresses, the society becomes more violent. From 2004 to 2005, the rate of violent crime, estimated at 469.2 violent offenses per 100,000 inhabitants, increased 1.3 percent, there were an estimated 1,390,695 violent crimes reported (FBI, 2006). There was an increase of 1.2 percent in cases of rape from the previous year, 3.4 percent increase in crimes of murder and non-negligent man-slaughter and 3.9 percent increase in robbery. The FBI further stated that 10,166,159 property crimes were reported in 2005 coupled with 14.1 million arrests, a huge and alarming figure. The reported crime rate is high in the American society. Crimes are in news reports in a daily basis. The horror of violence became a part of their lives. Most of the citizens own guns to protect themselves from criminals. If one is weak and care-free enough, one will be victimized. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Rap artists are on stage for a reason. And it sure is not all about the money or the popularity. A good life is waiting when rap songs hit the charts. But what about the influence of the lyrics adapted in its music. Rappers have the social responsibility to show the way for the youth. It is not merely about expression. Rap music is there as a means of expressing ones emotions and frustrations. However, those expressions must have boundaries. The lines along the songs must bear meaningful messages that will contribute to the lives of many in a better way. Great virtues and values must be expressed in rap music. As one of the widely patronized music today, rap must become a tool in teaching the people of the great values and essence of life as a whole. Music is a tool to promote awareness and awakening. Rap albums are not merely about making money or getting a million followers. Rap is just another way of uniting individuals from all corners of the society. People are open-minded about the things that matter. But they are susceptible to what is perceived as accepted and true according to the standards of the society. Rappers must be cautious in releasing the lines of their songs into the patronizing public. Many people are looking to them for leadership and motivation. They must never abuse the role that they are portraying. Rap artists are in high stature in the society, they must become role models of the society. CONCLUSION The media has been vital in spreading the popularity of rap music. Media is the most power tool for communication nowadays. Peoples exposure to media is an inevitable part of life. Self-expression is a driving factor in the composition of its lyrics and background beat. Rap music is posing a serious danger to the society. The primary problem brought by rap music is the stature and image flaunted by most rappers. The second negative factor that brings rap music in a bad light is the image it portrays in the art world. The rap music mostly expresses violence and hatred in this world. People associated with rap must also take into consideration the effects of this type of music in the lives of the young crowd. It is essential that the notes and lyrics found in rap songs must be screened in order to produce a more positive and peaceful atmosphere not merely in public areas but inside the privacy of the homes of many. Fame and fortune mean nothing if rap music is being utilized at the expense of innocent lives. Parents, educators and law enforcers should be aware of the dangers that the community will reap out from the citizens who are exposed to different acts of aggression. Rap artists also have the social responsibility to be responsible enough in the message of their music. Innocent minds can be easily corrupted. The exclusion of violence and the incorporation of meaningful words will make it more beneficial for the rest of the world. BIBLIOGRAPHY Fried, C. B.. Stereotypes of Music Fans: Are Rap and Heavy Metal Fans a Danger to Themselves or Others? Journal of Media Psychology. 2003. Killion, C. . Experts Debate Hip-hops Influence on American Culture, Youth, for Better or for Worse. Newsnet. 2005. Midgett, A.. Rap Music Controversy. 29 October 2007 Minor, N.. Blame Rap Music? Urban Youth International Journalism.

Blade Runner (Scott) + Brave New World (Huxley) - Analysis When humanity loses touch with nature speech to environmental forum.

Blade Runner (Scott) + Brave New World (Huxley) - Analysis When humanity loses touch with nature speech to environmental forum. Hello everyone and welcome to the inaugural forum of the "Walk on the Wild Side" group of environmentalists. Our goal here is to protect the natural environment and the integrity of human nature from the destructive potential of science and technology.My opening address will focus on two creative works composed by artists who share our concerns.Aldous Huxley expressed his concern about the growing power and influence of science in the word after the First World War. His satirical novel, "Brave New World" created a dystopia designed to warn of the possible damage to humanity from mass production, totalitarianism, sexual promiscuity and drug use which were appearing at the time, the 1920's.More recently Ridley Scott used his film "Blade Runner", to highlight the destructive forces present the 1980's. He shared the concerns of the environmental green movement, that the planet and its inhabitants were under threat from pollution, the growing power of multinational companies and experimen ts in genetic engineering.Tyrell FXBoth artists used the science fiction genre to create worlds where unrestrained science has degraded human nature and destroyed or devalued the natural world. Both warn us of the dehumanising power of science in a society dominated by a powerful individual. Mustapha Mond, one of the world controllers has complete power over the lives of civilians in England A.F 632, while Dr Tyrell heads the giant corporation which is the ruling power of Los Angeles. Science is used as a weapon for social control.Huxley's use of pseudo-scientific language in the opening scenes helps to give a sense of authenticity to the fictional processes taking place in the Central London Hatchery. Viviparous birth and motherhood are seen as obscenities and have been replaced by Bokanovsky's Process. This method produces "standard men and women in uniform batches" and is the...

Dont Be Burnt By Inflammable

Dont Be Burnt By Inflammable Don’t Be Burnt By â€Å"Inflammable† Don’t Be Burnt By â€Å"Inflammable† By Simon Kewin The words â€Å"flammable† and â€Å"inflammable† mean the same thing: â€Å"easily set on fire†. Why is this? In English, the in- prefix is often used to reverse the meaning of an adjective. Thus inactive is the opposite of active and inelegant is the opposite of elegant. So why isn’t inflammable the opposite of flammable? The reason is that the in of inflammable is not the prefix meaning â€Å"not†. Inflammable derives from the Latin in meaning into and flamma, a flame. Flammable derives simply from flamma. Inflammable is thus very close to the word enflame, which has the same origin. In practice, it can be confusing having two words that sound as if they could be opposites but which actually mean the same thing. It could even be dangerous, if â€Å"inflammable† were taken to mean â€Å"not flammable†. The Compact Oxford English Dictionary recognizes this and recommends using â€Å"flammable† at all times : The words flammable and inflammable have the same meaning. It is, however, safer to use flammable to avoid ambiguity, as the in- prefix of inflammable can give the impression that the word means ‘non-flammable’.† As this quotation makes clear, the opposite of flammable is not inflammable but non-flammable or simply â€Å"not flammable†. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comma After i.e. and e.g.3 Cases of Complicated Hyphenation90 Verbs Starting with â€Å"Ex-†

Strategic Planning (Southwest Airlines) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategic Planning (Southwest Airlines) - Essay Example Strategic management has been defined by Meyer as â€Å"the process by which managers understand organisational goals; examining the future threats to, and opportunities for, an organisation; identifying strategies for dealing with these threats and opportunities; ensure organisational capability to implement these strategies; and continually monitoring the entire process to provide direction and support for accomplishing the strategic management objectives† (Tyndall, et al., 1990, p.9). The strategic management practices of Southwest airline have been discussed in the later part of this project. Strategic planning Southwest Airline has its unique business model that has been planned after considering the corporate strategy and business environment. The company has a strategic planning committee whose members possess an in-depth understanding of different functional activities. These members are responsible for analysing the business environment in the local market. They also use different business reports to analyse the core competency of the business. On basis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, this committee formulates the business strategy for Southwest Airline. The activity system formulated by the strategic planning committee is as follows: Figure 1: Southwest Airlines’ Activity system (Source: Hitt, Ireland & Hoskisson, 2009, p.104) The above given plan resents the factors like low profit margin, attraction and retention of local passengers, point to point routes and limits customer services. These are some of the core strategies on which whole of the Southwest Airline’s business model is based. Strategic implementation The responsibility of the strategic planning committee does not end only by formulating the strategies; it is also responsible for implementing these strategies. As for example, to achieve the strategy of limited passenger services, the management under guidance of the planning committee has list ed out the process to active this goal. The company decided not to offer free meals, no baggage transfer facility, just 15 minutes for gate turnaround and limited use to travel agents. All these actions assist the company to achieve the objective of low customer service. The company’s vision statement reflects that Southwest Airline is highly focused on its employee base. The strategic planning committee has planned to enhance productivity of the employees. For this the company is implemented higher play structure for the work force. Flexible union contracts have been developed to meet specific requirement of the employees. The company also offers high level of employee stock ownership. All this is done to motivate the employees as this will not just enhance their performance but will also reduce the employee turnover rate. Again, the company has identified business travellers as the target customer group because this group travels t a higher rate and prefer to go by low cot airline. With time the size of their customer group will increase and it will assist the airline to expand its market share. Strategic control The process of strategic management often fails in spite of a well developed strategic plan and a successful implementation process. This is because often the company fails to control the change introduced in the business process for long run. As a result, whole of the capital and the managerial time

Score Normalisation in Voice Biometrics (CASE STUDY) Essay

Score Normalisation in Voice Biometrics (CASE STUDY) - Essay Example Standardisations of score distributions include Z-norm, and T-norm. Score normalisation helps achieve separation between score distributions of known and unknown speakers. A reduction in equal error rate is achieved by the use of score normalisation methods. Speaker recognition is required in applications, such as operating in environments that are uncontrolled or while transmitting speech over communication channels. Speaker verification involves assessment of similarity scores between registered or unregistered users and reference models. The expectation is that verification scores should be high for true speakers and low for impostors. However, true speaker verification scores could be adversely affected by background noise, speech variations of the speaker, variations caused by the recording apparatus, and/or effects caused by the communication channel. Score distribution plots enable observation of true speaker scores and impostor scores relative to each other. Test utterances from true speakers and impostors obtained experimentally can be used to generate score distribution plots (see fig. 1). Since, there is an overlap between true and impostor score distributions, an acceptance threshold is chosen. The accuracy of verification process is directly proportional to the distance between the score distributions. Overlapping of score distributions could result in errors, such as false acceptances and false rejections. False acceptances involve accepting impostors as true speakers. False rejections involve rejecting true speakers. Adjusting the threshold could result in reduction of one type of error while increasing the other. This could be overcome by setting the threshold, so that the two error types are equal. This technique is known as the equal error rate (see fig. 2), where false acceptance rate is set equal to false rejection rate. Variations in speech characteristics are caused

The Basic Characteristics of an Effective Management Essay Example for Free

The Basic Characteristics of an Effective Management Essay I.Management-oriented: The basic objective of MIS is to provide information support tothe management in the organization for decision making. So an effective MIS should startits journey from appraisal of management needs, mission and goal of the businessorganization. It may be individual or collective goals of an organization. The MIS is suchthat it serves all the levels of management in an organization i.e. top, middle and lower level. II.Management directed: When MIS is management-oriented, it should be directed by themanagement because it is the management who tells their needs and requirements moreeffectively than anybody else. Manager should guide the MIS professionals not only at the stage of planning but also ondevelopment, review and implementation stages so that effective system should be theend product of the whole exercise in making an effective MIS. III.Integrated: It means a comprehensive or complete view of all the sub systems in theorganization of a company. Development of information must be integrated so that all theoperational and functional information sub systems should be worked together as a singleentity. This integration is necessary because it leads to retrieval of more meaningful anduseful information. IV.Common data flows: The integration of different sub systems will lead to a commondata flow which will further help in avoiding duplicacy and redundancy in datacollection, storage and processing. For example, the customer orders are the basis for many activities in an organization viz. billing, sales for cashing, etc. Data is collected bya system analyst from its original source only one time. Then he utilizes the data withminimum number of processing procedures and uses the information for productionoutput documents and reports in small numbers and eliminates the undesirable data. Thiswill lead to elimination of duplication that simplify the operations and produce anefficient information system. V.Heavy planning-element: The preparation of MIS is not a one or two day exercise. Itusually takes 3 to 5 years and sometimes a much longer period. So the system expert hasto keep 2 things in mind – one is that he has to keep future objectives as well as the firm’sinformation well in advance and also he has to keep in mind that his MIS will not beobsolete before it gets into action. VI.Sub System concept: When a problem is seen in 2 sub parts, then the better solution tothe problem is possible. Although MIS is viewed as a single entity but for its effectiveuse, it should be broken down in small parts or subsystems so that more attention andinsight is paid to each sub system. Priorities will be set and phase of implementation will be made easy. While making or breaking down the whole MIS into subsystems, it should be kept in mind that the subsystems should be easily manageable. VII.Common database: This is the basic feature of MIS to achieve the objective of usingMIS in business organizations. It avoids duplication of files and storage which leads toreduction in costs. Common database means a â€Å"Super file or Master file† whichconsolidates and integrates data records formerly stored in many separate data files. Theorganization of the database allows it to be accessed by each subsystem and thus,eliminates the necessity of duplication in data storage, updating, deletion and protection. VIII.Computerized: MIS can be used without a computer. But the use of computersincreases the effectiveness and the efficiency of the system. The queries can be handledmore quickly and efficiently with the computerized MIS. The other benefits are accuracy,storage capacity and timely information. IX.User friendly/Flexibility: An MIS should be flexible i.e. there should be room for further modification because the MIS takes much time in preparation and our environment is dynamic in nature.MIS should be such that it should be usedindependently by the end user so that they do not depend on the experts. X.Information as a resource: Information is the major ingredient of any MIS. So, an MISshould be treated as a resource and managed properly

Positions of Blacks in the Civil War and Emancipation Essay example --

â€Å"Once let the black man get upon his person the brass letters, U.S., let him get an eagle on his button, and a musket on his shoulder and bullets in his pockets, and there is no power on earth which can deny that he has earned the right to citizenship in the United States." The quote mentioned above was proclaimed by African American abolitionist Frederick Douglass, and served as motivation for African Americans to enlist in the Union’s Army efforts and take an initiative in their future. With President Abraham Lincoln's issue of his Preliminary draft of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1862, the Civil War developed to be a war to ultimately save the union and to abolish slavery. Blacks overall played a substantial part in the victory of the union, helping them turn the tide against the confederate army. In all, there were roughly 200,000 black soldiers who served in over 100 units in the Union Army and Navy (10 percent of the Union). But while their involvement in war efforts deemed valuable there was tension on many fronts, there were major anti-Black prejudice against black involvement from people in Free states and in the loyal slave states; who were not in favor of arming the Black soldiers and letting them participate in combat. With tha t being said, what were the Social conditions for blacks in the North (Franklin) and the South (Augusta) prior to the war? How did many African Americans participate in the war and in what way? Did these conditions post war? The main purpose of this paper is to monitor African American contributions to the war and illustrate how these contributions changed their social status in society. With the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, it forecasted tremendous change for the entire country... ...863. http://valley.lib.virginia.edu/papers/FN0000. †¢ Christy, Jacob. â€Å"Franklin County: Jacob Christy to Mary Jane Demus, August 10, 1864.† The Valley of the Shadow, August 10, 1864. http://valley.lib.virginia.edu/papers/F3004. †¢ Hargrove, Hondon B. Black Union Soldiers in the Civil War. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland, 1988. †¢ Jordan, Ervin L. Black Confederates and Afro-Yankees in Civil War Virginia. Charlottesville, Va.: University Press of Virginia, 1995. †¢ Mobley, Joe A. Weary of War†¯: Life on the Confederate Home Front. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2008. †¢ Quarles, Benjamin. The Negro in the Civil War. Boston: Little, Brown, 1969. †¢ Wesley, Charles H. Afro-Americans in the Civil War: From Slavery to Citizenship. 1979 ed. International Library of Afro-American Life and History. Cornwells Heights, Pa: Publishers Agency, 1978.

Kristallnacht – source related study

Any Historian studying Kristallnacht would find sources A and B very useful as they both say who is responsible for the night. Although the person who is said to be responsible in each source is different, they both show that the Nazis were clearly against the Jews and this would give the Historian a good idea of which source is more likely to be accurate. Source A's provenance tells us it is a summary by Fritz Hesse who was a journalist working for Hitler, this means he would know quite a bit about him so his source is likely to have some truth in it. The source was also written in 1954 which is many years after Hitler died so he would not be bothered about writing the truth because nothing would happen. If Hitler was still alive he would have been scared to write the truth and Hitler would have probably told him what he had to write, on the other hand, it was along time ago and the details may not be fresh in his mind so there could be some inaccurate detail in it. The source tells us that Fritz Hesse (the writer of the source) was at dinner with Hitler, Goebbels and some other party leaders and overhears an officer whispering something into Goebbels ear. He then sees Goebbles mumble to Hitler about a mass attack on the Jews and synagogues that he and the SA had planned for that night. Hitler is very excited about this and Goebbles is pleased because he is trying to get back in with Hitler. The detail in this source which makes it seem reliable is when Hitler is very excited about hearing what Goebbels has planned against the Jews, Hesse remembers that he, ‘squealed with delight and slapped his thigh with enthusiasm,' this makes the source seem more convincing and therefore more useful to the Historian as it is not something you normally make up. At the end of the source it says that Goebbels was clearly trying to win back Hitler's support, this also makes it seem reliable because we know that he was out of favour with Hitler because he had an affair with a Czech actress. This source would be useful because it tells the historian that the SA and Goebbels were responsible for the attacks and that the Nazis were against the Jews a lot. Source B is not very reliable, but it is still very useful to the Historian. It is a secret report prepared by the Nazi party supreme court after the events of Kristallnacht so it is the official Nazi line, this means the story might have been change completely to make the Nazis look good and not responsible because they knew the German people would not approve. The source says that the report is from after the attacks, but they are announced to everyone by Goebbels in the evening which does not really fit in. The source is blaming the German people for the anti-Jewish demonstrations and Goebbels told the party leaders about this at a social evening. The source also says that if people do start ‘spur of the moment' attacks on the Jews it will not be stopped. The source sounds more reliable when Goebbels tells the party leaders that there has been some anti-Jewish demonstrations, because this makes it seem although they did not know anything about its. The description of the things that happened on the night would have been reliable because if they were blaming other people and not themselves it would not matter to them. This source would be useful to the Historian because it says what happened on Kristallnacht and the kind of damage that was done, it also lets the historian know that the Nazis claimed not to be responsible which means that if they were they obviously did it so they would not loose support from German people. The similarities between the two sources are that both have an evening gathering of the party leaders on the 9th of November, but source A is from before the demonstrations and source B is from after, but the attacks happened at night so this makes source B seem inaccurate. Both of the sources show that the Nazis do not like the Jews because in source A when Hitler is told about Goebbels plan he is very excited and in Source B after Goebbels denies having anything to do with the attacks he says that the Nazis would not be allowed to organise such demonstrations but they would not be stopped. These similarities would be very useful to the historian because he would have something that he knows is most likely true, like the Nazis disliking the Jews a lot which would help him decide what he thinks is more accurate. The source that would be more reliable is source A, but source B would be more useful to the Historian because it is more detailed as it says what happened on the night which would be reliable because the Nazis were not blamed so it wouldn't matter to them what was written because it didn't make them look bad, it also lets the Historian know that the Jews were not liked by the Nazis because of the one line at the end of the source so the historian could judge who was to blame for himself. Source A only tells the historian who is to blame and does not really give a description of the kind of things that were done on the night.

Michael Graves Essay

Art Appreciation Michael Graves Michael Graves is a post-modern architect born in Indianapolis, Indiana on July 9th 1934. He graduated from Broad Ripple High School; he then attended and got his bachelor degree at the University of Cincinnati. After getting his bachelors, he went to Harvard where he got his masters in Interior design. After college he started career as an architect, it was in 1968 when he designed and built the Hanselmann House in Fort Wayne, Indiana. He built houses for about 10 years until he started building all kinds of buildings. He built anything from the Dolphin Resort at Disney world from the Denver Public Library. Graves has been designing buildings of all types since 1968 very rapidly, some years designing four or more buildings a year. One of Graves’s most famous buildings is the Portland building in Oregon. This building was made in 1980 and is unique because of how he surprised everyone with the exterior design. He used a pair of classical columns that have no structural function. He made these columns stand out by setting them in a reflecting pool. The Portland public says the building is both formal and playful, governor Ivancie says that most big city building were beginning to be built to simple with Just glass outsides. He says the Portland building doesn’t lack design features like other big city buildings. Some did criticize the design but most were thrilled by the uniqueness of the new building. People say there is type of humor to his designs and buildings. â€Å"Graves has become an opponent of modern works who uses humor as an integral part of his architecture† (1). Graves uses designs from the past and puts his own twist on them. â€Å"Graves re-interpreted the rational style that had been introduced by Le Corbusier in the 1920s into a neoclassical style† (1). Michael Graves has many building that are very famous, but his design on the Humana Building in Louisville, Kentucky is maybe his best design he’s had. His design on this building got him in the time magazine. â€Å"TIME Magazine listed it as one of the 10 best buildings of the decade† (2). The building looks different from every side. Many say it is one of the most unique and distinctive skyscrapers in America. Critics say it is a textbook example of Postmodernism. Grave’s Humana building is said to have its fair share of flaws but the brilliant design more than counteracts the flaws. â€Å"While the building has undeniable flaws, they are easily outweighed by its attributes, hich have only grown stronger with time†(3). http://featuresblogs.chicagotribune.com/entertainment_tv/house/ http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/tv/ http://featuresblogs.chicagotribune.com/technology_internetcritic/ https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=JwhZCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA225&lpg=PA225&dq=http://featuresblogs.+chicagotribune.+com/t&source=bl&ots=CwG3pAKd5l&sig=5KrPfyo2wN90yu3ZXrsblMPOpew&hl=uk&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjy0NvQhoPUAhVKD5oKHUzSCe8Q6AEIRDAE#v=onepage&q=http%3A%2F%2Ffeaturesblogs.%20chicagotribune.%20com%2Ft&f=false https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humana_Building Humana Humana - Michael Graves Architecture & Design window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/11\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/11\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.michaelgraves.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=4.9.8"}}; !function(a,b,c){function d(a,b){var c=String.fromCharCode;l.clearRect(0,0,k.width,k.height),l.fillText(c.apply(this,a),0,0);var d=k.toDataURL();l.clearRect(0,0,k.width,k.height),l.fillText(c.apply(this,b),0,0);var e=k.toDataURL();return d===e}function e(a){var b;if(!l||!l.fillText)return!1;switch(l.textBaseline="top",l.font="600 32px Arial",a){case"flag":return!(b=d([55356,56826,55356,56819],[55356,56826,8203,55356,56819]))&&(b=d([55356,57332,56128,56423,56128,56418,56128,56421,56128,56430,56128,56423,56128,56447],[55356,57332,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56418,8203,56128,56421,8203,56128,56430,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56447]),!b);case"emoji":return b=d([55358,56760,9792,65039],[55358,56760,8203,9792,65039]),!b}return!1}function f(a){var c=b.createElement("script");c.src=a,c.defer=c.type="text/javascript",b.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(c)}var g,h,i,j,k=b.createElement("canvas"),l=k.getContext&&k.getContext("2d");for(j=Array("flag","emoji"),c.supports={everything: !0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},i=0;i

Catcher in the Rye, Holden essays

Catcher in the Rye, Holden essays School, family, girls, alcohol, money, and sex. These are all very normal but serious problems among teens. The book A Catcher in the Rye emphasizes these problems with the main character, Holden Caulfield. I think these problems and the diversity of the story are the two main reasons this book is so popular among schools. Many teens can probably relate to the problems Holden has in the story. Holden, like many teens, is failing out of school. The major pressure among many teens is to exceed in school. We are introduced to Holdens school problems near the beginning of the story, and we learn that he has already failed out of four schools. By witnessing what trouble Holden goes through from failing out of school many teens will look upon this as an incentive to try harder in school. Right as Holden was leaving school he says, I was sort of crying, I dont know why (52). This shows he felt terrible for being kicked out, and he did not want to leave. Another common problem among teens that Holden experiences is with his family. Holden has a distant relationship with his parents. The most obvious example of this is his fear to tell them about his expulsion from yet another school. When Phoebe infers that Holden was expelled she constantly says, Daddyll kill you(165). Holden commonly digresses at the subject of his parents. The next common problem is with the opposite sex. Holden has an exceedingly large problem with girls. He feels in love with all the girls he encounters in these four or five days. In addition, he has strong feelings for an old friend, Jane Gallagher. When Holden meets up with Sally he says, I didnt even like her much, and yet all of a sudden I felt like I was in love with her and wanted to marry her(124). Many teens feel this way about the opposite sex but in many cases, it is a result of raging hormones. The last things that Holden is confronted ...

Characteristics of a National Hero

Executive Summary No jurisprudence. executive order or announcement has been enacted or issued officially proclaiming any Filipino historical figure as a national hero. However. because of their important functions in the procedure of state edifice and parts to history. there were Torahs enacted and announcements issued honouring these heroes. Even Jose Rizal. considered as the greatest among the Filipino heroes. was non explicitly proclaimed as a national hero. The place he now holds in Philippine history is a testimonial to the continued fear or acclaim of the people in acknowledgment of his part to the important societal transmutations that took topographic point in our state. Aside from Rizal. the lone other hero given an implied acknowledgment as a national hero is Andres Bonifacio whose twenty-four hours of birth on November 30 has been made a national vacation. Despite the deficiency of any official declaration explicitly proclaiming them as national heroes. they remain admired and revered for their functions in Philippine history. Heroes. harmonizing to historiographers. should non be legislated. Their grasp should be better left to faculty members. Acclaim for heroes. they felt. would be recognition plenty. 1. Choice and Proclamation of National Heroes 1. 1 National Heroes Committee On March 28. 1993. President Fidel V. Ramos issued Executive Order No. 75 entitled â€Å"Creating the National Heroes Committee Under the Office of the President† . The chief responsibility of the Committee is to analyze. measure and urge Filipino national personages/heroes in due acknowledgment of their sterling character and singular accomplishments for the state. 1. 2 Findingss and Recommendations of the National Heroes Committee In conformity with Executive Order No. 75 dated March 28. 1993. the National Heroes Committee submitted its findings and recommendations. 1. 2. 1 Criteria for National Heroes The Technical Committee of the National Heroes Committee held a series of meetings on June 3. 1993. August 19. 1993. September 12. 1994 and November 15. 1995. specifying. discussing and considering upon the virtues of the assorted definitions and standards of a hero. The Committee adopted the undermentioned standards as footing for historical research workers in finding who among the great Filipinos will be officially proclaimed as national heroes: Standards for National Heroes ( Adopted by the Technical Committee of the National Heroes Committee on June 3. 1993. Manila. Members of the Committee included Drs. Onofre D. Corpuz. Samuel K. Tan. Marcelino Foronda. Alfredo Lagmay. Bernardita R. Churchill. Serafin D. Quiason. Ambeth Ocampo. so known as Dom Ignacio Maria. Prof. Minerva Gonzales and Mrs. Carmen Guerrero-Nakpil ) 1. Heros are those who have a construct of state and thenceforth aspire and battle for the nation’s freedom. Our ain battle for freedom was begun by Bonifacio and finished by Aguinaldo. the latter officially declaring the revolution’s success. In world. nevertheless. a revolution has no terminal. Revolutions are merely the beginning. One can non draw a bead on to be free merely to drop back into bondage. 2. Heros are those who define and contribute to a system or life of freedom and order for a state. Freedom without order will merely take to anarchy. Therefore. heroes are those who make the nation’s fundamental law and Torahs. such as Mabini and Recto. To the latter. fundamental laws are merely the beginning. for it is the people populating under the fundamental law that genuinely constitute a state. 3. Heros are those who contribute to the quality of life and fate of a state. ( As defined by Dr. Onofre D. Corpuz ) Extra Criteria for Heroes( Adopted by the Technical Committee of the National Heroes Committee on November 15. 1995. Manila ) 1. A hero is portion of the people’s look. But the procedure of a people’s internalisation of a hero’s life and works takes clip. with the young person organizing a portion of the internalisation. 2. A hero thinks of the hereafter. particularly the future coevalss. 3. The pick of a hero involves non merely the relation of an episode or events in history. but of the full procedure that made this peculiar individual a hero. ( As defined by Dr. Alfredo Lagmay ) 1. 2. 2 Historical Figures Recommended as National Heroes On November 15. 1995. the Technical Committee after deliberation and careful survey based on Dr. Onofre D. Corpuz’ and Dr. Alfredo Lagmay’s standards selected the undermentioned nine Filipino historical figures to be recommended as National Heroes: a. Jose Rizalb. Andres Bonifacioc. Emilio Aguinaldod. Apolinario Mabinie. Marcelo H. del Pilarf. Sultan Dipatuan Kudaratg. Juan Lunah. Melchora Aquinoi. Gabriela Silang 1. 2. 3 Status of the Report/Recommendations Submitted by the National Heroes Committee. Since the entry of the report/recommendations by the National Heroes Committee to so Secretary Ricardo T. Gloria of the Department of Education. Culture and Sports on November 22. 1995. no action has been taken. This was likely because this might trip a inundation of petitions for announcements. Another possibility is that the announcements can trip acrimonious arguments affecting historical contentions about the heroes. 2. Laws Honoring/ Commemorating Filipino Historical Figures 2. 1 Heros 2. 1. 1 Jose Rizal 2. 1. 1. 1 Decree of December 20. 1898. issued by General Emilio Aguinaldo. declared December 30 of every twelvemonth a twenty-four hours of national bereavement in award of Dr. Jose Rizal and other victims of the Filipino Revolution. 2. 1. 1. 2 Act No. 137. which organized the politico-military territory of Morong into the Province of Rizal. was the first official measure taken by the Taft Commission to honour our greatest hero and sufferer. 2. 1. 2 Andres Bonifacio 2. 1. 2. 1 Act No. 2946. enacted by the Filipino Legislature on February 16. 1921. made November 30 of each twelvemonth a legal vacation to mark the birth of Andres Bonifacio 2. 1. 2. 2 Act No. 2760. issued on February 23. 1918. confirmed and ratified all stairss taken for the creative activity. care. betterment of national memorials and peculiarly for the hard-on of a memorial to the memory of Andres Bonifacio 2. 1. 3 Other Heros 2. 1. 3. 1 Act No. 3827. enacted by the Filipino Legislature on October 28. 1931. declared the last Sunday of August of every twelvemonth as National Heroes Day. 2. 1. 3. 2 Proclamation No. 510. issued by Pres. Fidel V. Ramos on November 30. 1994. declared the twelvemonth 1996 as the twelvemonth of Filipino Heroes as a testimonial to all Filipinos who. straight and indirectly. gave significance and drift to the cause of freedom. justness. Filipino independency and nationhood. 2. 1. 3. 3 R. A. No. 9070. April 8. 2001. declaring the eighteenth of December of every twelvemonth as a particular working public vacation throughout the state to be known as the Graciano Lopez-Jaena Day 2. 2 Other Historical Figures 2. 2. 1 R. A. No. 6701. February 10. 1989. declaring September One of every twelvemonth. the decease day of remembrance of Gregorio Aglipay y Labayan. as Gregorio L. Aglipay Day and a particular non-working vacation in the Municipality of Batac. Province of Ilocos Norte 2. 2. 2 R. A. No. 7285. March 24. 1992. declaring February Nineteen of each twelvemonth as Dona Aurora Aragon Quezon Day a particular nonworking vacation in the Province of Aurora in order to mark the birth day of remembrance of Dona Aurora Aragon Quezon. the first President of the Philippine National Red Cross. and Foundation Day of the State 2. 2. 3 R. A. No. 7805. September 1. 1994. declaring January 28 of every twelvemonth as a non-working particular public vacation in the City of Cavite to be known as Julian Felipe Day 2. 2. 4 R. A. No. 7950. March 25. 1995. declaring December Eighteen of every twelvemonth as â€Å"Araw ng Laguna† and a particular on the job twenty-four hours in the Province of Laguna and the City of San Pablo to mark the memory and decease of the late Governor Felicisimo T. San Luis 2. 2. 5 R. A. No. 9067. April 8. 2001. declaring April 15 of every twelvemonth as President Manuel A. Roxas Day which shall be observed as a particular working public vacation in the Province of Capiz and the City of Roxas *From the Reference and Research Bureau Legislative Research Service. House of Congress WHAT IS A NATIONAL HERO?On our national hero’s 150 birth day of remembrance. I am forced to rethink my reply to this inquiry one time more. In the non so distant yesteryear. there has been a batch of inquiry as to why Dr. Jose Rizal is the country’s national hero. Renato Constantino argues that he is an American-sponsored hero ; that Rizal symbolized non-violence and peaceable promotion of reforms. traits that the American residents wanted for Filipinos to follow and therefore forestall farther rebellions against their hegemony. Others have hailed Andres Bonifacio as the â€Å"true† national hero for forming the first Filipino authorities and taking the first anti-colonial revolution in Asia. The Retraction Controversy has besides placed uncertainties on Rizal’s patriotism and his anti-clerical stance. The inquiries stem from the fact that our usual impression of a national hero is person who is brave. strong. able-bodied. and leads a military force into w ar against a colonial/imperial power — people such as George Washington. Simon Bolivar. or Sun Yat Sen. Apparently. machismo is still in the mind most Filipinos. This impression has to alter in our clip when even the smallest workss of selflessness can be considered gallantry. In my sentiment. for one to be a hero. one must give him/herself for the release its people or as an drift of such release. Andres Bonifacio and Emilio Aguinaldo falls under this class. both holding bravely fought the Spaniards in the battleground. However. Andres Bonifacio neer won any of his conflicts and normally goes off to salvage himself one time his forces are routed. He truly sees it of import that people’s leader remains alive at the terminal of the conflict instead than give life and limb. The same manner with Emilio Aguinaldo who alternatively of confronting the Americans in the battleground. has decided to evade them until his apprehension in Palanan and subsequent pledge of commitment to the United States. Dr. Jose Rizal is possibly the prototype of such self-sacrifice though. He sacrifices his love life and a quiet life to garner cognition around the universe that would be helpful in the battle for reforms in the state. He translates celebrated literary plants into Filipino for his countrymen to see ( such as plants by Hans Christian Andersen and Schiller ) and labours to guarantee a just position about his state abroad ( such as footnoting Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas ) . He uses his ain luck. clip and attempt to care for his countrymen. as he did when he opened his clinic in Hong Kong or in Dapitan. He enlightens his people about their position in society by composing the Noli and the Fili. His ultimate forfeit possibly is when he refuses to be saved by Bonifacio’s revolution and alternatively gives his ain life at executing so that the revolution can hold the ultimate inspiration. Both Bonifacio and Aguinaldo recognized his forfeits by idolizing him as the revolution’s inspiration. Aguinaldo was foremost to declare him national hero in 1898. even before the Americans â€Å"sponsored† it. Rizal’s selflessness has been modeled throughout history by other heroes. such as Manuel L. Quezon ( who sacrificed clip. money and attempt for the constitution of the Commonwealth ) . Jose P. Laurel ( who sacrificed repute to join forces with the enemy and salvage more Filipinos from the Japanese ) . Ninoy Aquino ( who sacrificed his life at blackwash so that the People Power Revolution could force through ) and Efren Penaflorida ( who sacrificed clip. money and attempt to learn the street kids of Cavite ) . In the terminal. there is no uncertainty that Rizal is the first to visualize himself and his state as a state of Filipinos and to continue its autonomy from the residents. At his 150th birth day of remembrance. Dr. Jose Rizal will stay as the bosom o f the Philippine revolution and the Philippine national hero. Originally posted at hypertext transfer protocol: //soksay. blogspot. com On December 20. 1898. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo. as caput of the Philippine Revolutionary Government. issued a decree proclaiming Dec. 30 of every twelvemonth a national twenty-four hours of mourning in award of Dr. Jose Rizal and the other sufferer of the revolution against Spain. This was merely two old ages after the executing of the hero by the Spanish colonial authorities. On Feb. 16. 1921. the members of the Filipino Legislature passed Act No. 2496. proclaiming Nov. 30 of every twelvemonth a legal vacation to mark the birth of Andres Bonifacio. laminitis of the Katipunan. This was merely 25 old ages after the launching of the nationalist revolution against Spain by the Kataastaasan Kagalang-galang na Katipunan nang manga Anak nang Bayan ( Highest Honorable Association of Children of the Nation ) . or Katipunan. Since so. the names of Rizal and Bonifacio have led the parade of celebrated and valiant heroes honored by coevalss of Filipinos for their parts to national integrity. freed om and societal advancement. Revisionist positionsBut since the 1960s. there has arisen a revisionist historical tendency oppugning the standing of both Rizal and Bonifacio in the vanguard of that parade of heroes. One school of idea contends that Rizal was non worthy to be considered our first national hero because he was â€Å"made in USA. † In an article written in 1970. coroneted â€Å"Veneration Without Understanding. † the historian Renato Constantino referred to Rizal as an â€Å"American-sponsored hero. † This point of view was expressed during the period of societal and political activism led by pupils. workers and provincials against the brewing Marcos absolutism and against the American war on Vietnam as an look of renascent US imperialism. Constantino claimed that US Governor General Howard Taft set up Rizal as a national hero because Rizal was considered a â€Å"reformist† and a â€Å"pacifist. † while Bonifacio was a revolutionist who resorted to violence to derive national independency. Since the US colonial swayers of course wanted to deter revolution against their government. they chose Rizal over Bonifacio as the Philippines’ national hero. The message was interpreted by the militants as reflecting their position that it was Bonifacio who most deserved the rubric of No. 1 Filipino hero. The Taft Commission. which functioned as the US colonial disposal in the Philippines from 1900 to 1904. passed Act No. 37. making the State of Rizal out of the military territory of Morong in award of Dr. Rizal. The act did non officially declare Rizal a national hero. nor proclaim a national vacation in his award. Besides. the Taft Commission represented a foreign authorities that had gained power through for ce and could non talk for the Filipino people. Popular sentiment General Aguinaldo. acknowledged leader of the de facto Philippine Republic. proclaimed Rizal a national hero in front of the American colonial disposal. In conformity with his edict of Dec. 20. 1898. the people of Daet. Camarines Norte. instantly started a subscription for the edifice of a memorial for Dr. Rizal at the town’s place. The memorial was inaugurated in February 1899. shortly after the eruption of the Philippine-American War on Feb. 1. Hence. the announcement of Rizal as a national hero was an reliable act of the Filipino people even before the United States officially consolidated its regulation. By no agencies can it be said that he was an â€Å"American-sponsored† hero. If at all. in purportedly taking Rizal as our national hero. Taft was merely staying by the popular sentiment of the Filipino people as already expressed through General Aguinaldo. whose authorities was so autonomous throughout the full state. except in Manila. The announcement of Bonifacio as a national hero was made by the Filipino Legislature. composed of duly elected Filipino representatives of the Filipino Legislature. so basking self-government under the American colonial government. He. excessively. should be considered a echt pick of the Filipinos as a national hero despite the expostulation of the American disposal that he was excessively much of a revolutionist. Bonifacio revisedBonifacio. like Rizal. has besides suffered from historical revisionism. The most recent revisionist composing about Bonifacio was that by Bryan C. Paraiso. a senior historical sites development officer of the National Historical Commission. In Paraiso’s article published by the Filipino Daily Inquirer on Nov. 30. 2012. on the juncture of Bonifacio’s 149th birth day of remembrance. the hero reveals fervor in his Hagiographas. Paraiso described Bonifacio as an â€Å"elusive† historical character. Paraiso went so far as to favourably cite an American historiographer. Glenn Anthony May. that â€Å"the Bonifacio celebrated in history text editions and memorialized in statues around the Philippines is in world something closer to a national myth. † May. who has written a figure of controversial books on Philippine history stressing the function of the elite in the Filipino revolution and in the armed opposition against American business. is a h istory professor at the University of Oregon. Paraiso rejected the judgement of Filipino historiographers like Epifanio de los Santos. who had tried to justify the image of Bonifacio against his disparagers. Paraiso considered the Hagiographas of De los Santos and other Filipino historiographers â€Å"subjective† reading. connoting that the foreigners’ reading of Philippine history is â€Å"objective. † In fact. the observations of the American historiographers on our anticolonial battles could merely every bit good transport prejudice to warrant the colonial conquerings of our state. But is it necessary and helpful for Filipinos to oppose their heroes against each other. infinitely debating who are more deserving of popular worship? Unique function Every hero plays his ain alone function in history. which is that to support and advance the involvements of the state at any peculiar clip of national crisis. giving his or her ain life and opportunism. George Washington and Abraham Lincoln are both American primary heroes executing different functions at different times in their country’s historical development. They. excessively. had their critics. Rizal consciously planted and nourished the seed of patriotism. In his novels. essays and announcements he promoted the thought of freedom and the contingency of national independency. At first Rizal advocated reforms. But when the supplication for reforms failed. he advocated independency. even through revolution. This is apparent in his novel â€Å"Noli Me Tangere. † which emphasized reforms. and its subsequence. â€Å"El Filibusterismo. † which preached revolution. Rizal’s chief essays. â€Å"The Indolence of the Filipinos. † and â€Å"The Philippi nes a Century Hence. † argued for an terminal to colonialism. by reforms if possible. and. if non. through revolution. Bonifacio read the novels of Rizal and perchance his two chauvinistic essays that were published by La Solidaridad. the periodical of reformer Filipino emigres in Madrid. which Rizal had joined but which he subsequently left when he eventually realized that their agitation for reforms were falling on the deaf ears. It was so that Rizal wrote the â€Å"Fili. † La Liga Filipina It was Rizal’s Hagiographas and his turning repute as a leader of Filipino patriotism that led Bonifacio in 1892 to fall in Rizal’s La Liga Filpina. an organisation that was in kernel a shadow authorities for an independent state. The organisation of the Liga by Rizal was cited in the indictment against him as one of the Acts of the Apostless of lese majesty he allegedly had committed against the Spanish government. The declared purposes of the Liga. including. â€Å"To unite the whole archipelago into one compact. vigorous and homogeneous organic structure. † were right interpreted by the Spanish governments as an effort at segregation. This led the Spanish authorities to expatriate Rizal to the speeds of Mindanao. He was finally executed upon strong belief of lese majesty. In his memoirs of the Filipino Revolution. Apolinario Mabini recalled that he met Bonifacio at the organisation of the Liga. After Rizal’s ostracism on July 6. 1892. Bonifacio and a smattering of other members of the Liga tried to maintain it alive by go oning to beg parts for La Solidaridad. Mabini. was elected secretary of the Supreme Council of the Liga after Rizal’s apprehension. He subsequently became president of the Cabinet of President Aguinaldo and secretary of foreign personal businesss in the first Philippine Republic that fought the United States for independency. The late former Sen. Claro M. Recto. the greatest Filipino patriot of our clip. in a address in 1960 to a civic convention in Baguio City. identified â€Å"Rizal. the poet. mind. realist ; Bonifacio. the idealist adult male of action ; and Mabini. the solon. † as â€Å"three of the greatest patriots this state has produced. † Katipunan When the Liga eventually dissolved because of dissensions among its officers. Bonifacio formed the Katipunan. which was wholly dedicated to the aim of subverting the Spanish colonial authorities through armed revolution. Bonifacio had come to the decision that the period for requests had ended. and that revolution had become an imperative. The Katipunan was hence a direct branch of the Liga Filipina. Bonifacio used the name of â€Å"Jose Rizal† as one of the watchwords for the members of the secret society. It was an recognition by Bonifacio that Rizal was his wise man and inspiration. if non his leader. All revolutions start out with requests for reforms. Thus it was with the Gallic. Russian and American revolutions. The US Declaration of Independence provinces: â€Å"In every province of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most low footings: Our perennial Requests have been answered merely by perennial hurt. † The rejection of the requests for reforms by the La Solidaridad propagandists. including representation in the Spanish parliament. paved the manner for the bloody Katipunan revolution for segregation. In his seminal essay. â€Å"The Philippines A Century Hence. † published by La Solidaridad from Sept. 30. 1898. to Feb. 1. 1890. Rizal wrote that if the reforms were non granted. â€Å"the Philippines one twenty-four hours will declare herself necessarily and unmistakably independent †¦ . Necessity is the strongest God the universe knows. and necessity is the consequence of physical Torahs put into action by moral forces. † Rizal planted the seed of revolution. and Bonifacio watered it. They were the twins of historical necessity. The moral force of history brought them together. each to carry through doomed functions in the battle of our people for nation-building and independency. That their bequests should be made to vie against each other goes against the jurispru dence of history. which mandates that each historical figure. like every coevals. has a definite function to play in the fate of a state. Divide and regulation Revisionists are using the time-honoured colonial maneuver of â€Å"divide and rule† to enforce and perpetuate their laterality over conquered peoples. Those who play this game. opposing our heroes against each other. and seting seeds of intuition about their worth. are playing the game of our former colonial Masterss. As Recto said in the same address. â€Å"A steadfast belief in the mastermind of our race and in the capacity of the people for advancement toward the attainment of their fate is another basic constituent of patriotism. † Destroy that patriotism and you destroy the state. After all. colonialism does non stop in the mere overthrow of the colonial power. Colonial establishments are left behind. particularly after 400 old ages of foreign domination ( 350 by the Spaniards and 50 by the Americans ) . There are leftovers of colonialism that must be swept off wholly before the colonial topics can be wholly free. particularly when they are embedded in the wonts o f the head. The devastation of the characters of national heroes are equivalent to undermine of the nation’s strength and baronial intents. Continued attempts to eliminate the message of Rizal by prophesying that he had retracted his Hagiographas is a blind to destruct patriotism. The same goes with attempts to mythologise the character of Rizal’s spouse in patriotism and revolution. Bonifacio. Bertolt Brecht. European poet and dramatist. in his drama. â€Å"Galileo. † has written. â€Å"Unhappy the land that needs heroes. † The Philippines is an unhappy land of wretchedness. poorness and underdevelopment. It needs heroes. Why destruct them? Paraiso denigrated Bonifacio even on the juncture of his decease day of remembrance. which the state reverentially observed. Paraiso said. â€Å"Fate has been unkind to Bonifacio. His mystery-shrouded life ended in black decease. † Harmonizing to the American Heritage Dictionary. â€Å"ignominious† means â€Å"marked by shame or shame: dishonourable. † It is bad plenty that this honest and brave â€Å"son of the people† ( anak ng bayan ) should be called a â€Å"myth† by an vague American historiographer. and his decease should be called black or scandalous by an employee of the National Historical Commission of the Philippines. The bravery of Bonifacio It is true that Bonifacio was executed by an order of Aguinaldo in a battle for power within the radical motion. But Bonifacio faced his destiny courageously. with the same unbeatable bravery that he had mustered in constructing the radical motion from a smattering of nationalists to 1000s of ill armed avid zealots eager to put down their lives for freedom and independency. Bonifacio did this through four long old ages of painstaking enlisting in secret rites in darkened suites under the very olfactory organs of the progressively nervous colonial and clerical governments. with every minute fraught with the danger of find. anguish and decease. And eventually. when the motion was unwittingly discovered. he launched the revolution armed merely with a six-gun. assailing a military armory. lighting the radical war that vindicated and upheld the award and manhood of coevalss of Filipinos who had been chained in colonial bondage for three and a half centuries. Following dissensions in the ranks of the revolutionists. Bonifacio was shot and wounded as he resisted gaining control by soldiers he considered renegades to the revolution. His capturer. Col. Lazaro Makapagal. claimed that Bonifacio shed â€Å"bitter tears† when. together with his brother. he faced certain decease. but he did non implore for his life. and the cryings he shed were surely due to his defeat that the radical motion that he led to fruition was in danger of catastrophe. Bonifacio’s background showed that whatever his mistakes. deficiency of bravery was non one of them. As the quintessential revolutionist. Mao Zedong said. â€Å"A revolution is non a dinner party. or composing an essay. or painting a image. or making embellishment ; †¦ . A revolution is an rebellion. an act of force by which one category overthrows another. † It is non so orderly like romantic fiction. Ratified by the people Yes. Bonifacio’s decease was a personal calamity. But it was non â€Å"ignominious. † Even as he considered himself a victim of unfairness by some of his fellow revolutionists. he did non abandon the revolution. He decided to go forth Cavite. the state of his factional antagonists. to go on to contend the revolution elsewhere. â€Å"Heroes are those who have a construct of state and hence aspire and battle for the nation’s freedom. † said the proficient commission of the National Heroes Commission in a study to President Fidel V. Ramos on June 3. 1993. Rizal and Bonifacio met that standard wholly. They are. so far. the lone heroes who have been honored by edict and jurisprudence with national vacations. The remainder are every bit honored with particular vacations. The members of the commission who drafted the standards for heroes were recognized historiographers and authors: Dr. Onofre D. Corpuz. Samuel K. Tan. Marcelino Foronda. Alfredo Lagmay. Bernardit o R. Churchill. Serafin D. Quiason. Ambeth Ocampo ( so known as the monastic Dom Ignacio Maria ) . Prof. Minerva Gonzales and Carmen Guerrero-Nakpil. Other historical figures The commission recommended nine other historical figures to be recognized as national heroes in a study to the Department of Education. Culture and Sports ( Decs ) in a study on Nov. 22. 1995. But the Decs took no action on the recommendation for fright that it would stir contention. Rizal and Bonifacio. who had already been declared national heroes by Acts of the Apostless of Congress. led the list of heroes made by the commission. The pick of Rizal and Bonifacio as the first national heroes has been ratified by the Filipino people through many coevalss as evidenced by the statues erected spontaneously in their award in towns and metropoliss throughout the archipelago. Historical revisionism. for whatever ground. will non wipe out this heartfelt fear in concrete and rock by all Filipinos nationwide.

Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Abortion - Essay Example Pro-abortion activists would say that a child is the womb as not yet been born and so cannot be considered to be life. I would go along with this position but for the fact that it has been proven that a fetus displays human characteristics when it is only a few weeks old. Ultra scans are now so good that small finger movements can be made out when a fetus is smaller than your fingernail. The unborn child does not get a say in what his or her mother chooses to do. That’s right, even a one-week old fetus already has a defined gender. The second issue that is will bring up is how abortions are hurting the growth of our country. Over the last few decades, the birth rate in America has dropped below the level that the population needs to replace itself. Thankfully, the American population is not decreasing due to the mass influx of immigrants each year. However, due to the millions of abortions performed in this country each year, who will become the leaders of our society in 30, 40, 50 years time? How many future presidents, football stars, and musicians are being taken out of the future population by people who live in the present day? All these â€Å"missing† people would have taken up a significant part of the workforce once they reached adulthood. As a result, foreigners are going to take American jobs where no one else is available to do so. The last issue that I will touch upon is the serious medical risk posed to the mother of an aborted child. Cervical cancers are common as a result of abortion, and in the most extreme cases death can occur. Besides obvious physical harm, there are psychological risks too. These are often understated because many people do not fully comprehend them. Instances of sleep difficulties, alcohol and drug abuse, and the breakdown of relationships are only some of the psychological damage that an abortion can cause. The vast majority of women who elect to have an abortion do so without knowing

An Investigation into the Factors that Impact on the Retention of Dissertation

An Investigation into the Factors that Impact on the Retention of Generation Y Workers in Nestle South Africa - Dissertation Example 89). Other terms have been used synonymously to pertain to the same group, such as â€Å"Millenials†, â€Å"Echo-Boomers†, or the â€Å"iGeneration†. These young individuals possess a set of common characteristics and expectations distinct from older generations who have preceded them. This generation can create considerable impact both as employees and consumers, meriting an investigation of the factors that influence their cognition, affect, and behaviours at work. The Nestle brand has continuously created an extensive range of products with superior quality, targeted towards consumers at a global scale. The multinational organisation, has been acknowledged internationally, owing to their research and development capabilities, geographic presence, and the premium that they place on their employees and their culture. Over 3,300 employees work for Nestle, 82% of whom are Black and 32% being females. Because of the organisation’s concern towards enhancing e mployee performance and well-being, Nestle has devised employee assistance programs that promote emotional and psychological support and financial stability, among others, towards maintaining employee wellness and effectively reducing employee turnover. Owing to the substantial influence of Generation Y employees on achieving the organisational bottomlines, the current research aims to ascertain the factors that influence their retention. ... Individuals who have grown up at different periods of time are likely to be characterized by a unique set of attitudes, values, beliefs, and expectations which exert a significant impact on their mindsets, behaviours, and their response to the culture of the workplace they belong to. As members of Generation Y enter employment, work forces have become more generationally diverse, being composed of four generations, spanning over 60 years- the Traditionalists, Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y (Glass, 2007, p. 98). Generation Y, which represents the latest generation to join the workforce, can be considered as the â€Å"most technically literate, educated, and ethnically diverse generation in history† (Eisner, 2005, p. 6). Gen Yers value personal development, achievement, and continual learning. There are inherent challenges in teaching and learning Generation Y employees in the contemporary workforce (Jonas-Dwyer and Pospisil, 2004). Differences exist among these ge nerations particularly as regards their preferred work culture, and such leanings are reflected in their preferred values, work styles and management (Eisner, 2005). As argued by Westerman and Yamamura (2007, p. 150), a profound understanding of work environment preferences, work motivation, and other work-related outcomes, is essential at strategizing for effective recruitment, training, retention and rewarding of the young generation. The current study thus further examines the factors that contribute to the motivation and retention of Gen Y employees in the South African context, specifically in the Nestle organisation. 1.3 The Research Problem There has been no systematic

Personal Financial Plan - Part II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal Financial Plan - Part II - Essay Example Personal financial planning requires economics since economic variables like regulations, economic policies, and taxation has to be considered. In addition the use of credit is of prime importance in financial planning. This paper describes the role of economics and credit in personal financial planning. Classic economists assert that people know and understand what is in their best interest and they act and make decisions on this knowledge (Gitman, Joehnk, & Billingsley, 2010). For people to take advantage of this knowledge in their financial plan, they need to understand the most important aspects of economics like taxation, regulation, and markets among others. According to Gitman, Joehnk, and Billingsley (2010), federal tax forms the largest part of tax a citizen pays. Tax planning as an economic variable thus becomes an important part of personal financial planning. Credit refers to the trust that allows one person to avail resources to another person whereby an immediate reimbursement is not required (Edwards, 2004). The major advantages of credit are that it allows a person to acquire resources immediately and repay it comfortably within an extended period of time. The main disadvantage of credit is that the debtor will have to pay more than the amount he borrowed in the long run. Additionally, credit is reliant on the creditworthiness of the borrower; this makes it uncertain to receive. The government plays a major role in determine the economic stability of a nation. The government ensures stability and growth through guiding the pace of economic activity. The government also comes with policies relating to price stability, full employment, redistribution of income and the balance of payments stability (Edwards, 2004). The government also levies taxes and determines the amount of taxes the people will pay. These

Gardners Theory of Intelligence

Gardners Theory of Intelligence It is a pretty common phenomenon that some people acquire knowledge and skills 10 or 20 times faster than others (Payne Tirre 1984). Some people acquire certain kind of knowledge that others cannot even acquire after years of practice. This sort of individual differences in learning are commonly occur due to differences in intelligence. Thus, learning ability is part of intelligence according to some psychologists and most of the educators barely make any difference between learning and intelligence. Therefore, it sounds paradoxical that both of them have quite separate ways throughout the history of psychology. According to psychologist intelligence will never have a general definition (Strenberg Dtterman 1986). It can be said that it is not a concept which can be scientifically useful (Jensen 1987d) as it lacks such meaning that is not just a random choice of any psychologists. Of Gardners proposed seven types of human intelligence, linguistic and logical-mathematical are the first two types noted by him commonly valued in educational institutes, e.g. school, colleges (Gardner, 1999, pp. 41). Gardner concluded the definition of intelligence by saying that it could only be applied to some certain explanations of human understanding and behavior, and last but not the least morality is generally a about the kind of person that an individual is and the kind of person an individual has wanted to be. It is not, in itself, an intelligence (p. 77) Gardners view of intelligence has us much ideas for thinking about intellectual functioning but is being expert in one or more of these intelligences actually a reflection of intelligence. Strenberg (1985, 1986) addresses this statement by considering intelligence as a type of mental self-management comprising of tree basic components: componential intelligence, experiential intelligence and contextual intelligence. As these three types of intelligence define intelligent behavior, this theory is known as a triarchic theory. The Information-processing Model reflects on what is going to happen when information flows through different types of internal structure which are should be existing inside the learner. These sort of structures represent the main function of the central nervous system. It should be noted that these sort of structures are hypothetical. According to Gange et al. (1984) some of the process that has been used by the system can be performed better by some individuals than others, but the systems nature will be the same. After having a good concept of how information are being processed, stored and retrieved through the help of the information model, students can learn much more effectively and efficiently as comparing to the period when they were not aware of that. According to Gage Berliner (1984), memorizing things and trying to remember how to how to execute skills is one of the main tasks of learning. If someone learns something one night and cannot remember it some later time is of a very little use according to Gage and Berliner (1984). They believe that metacognitive learners are able to get cognitive strategies to help them to remember things easily and to recall it after a later time. According to them this process is called encoding. At schools teachers can help out the students to encode information. Firstly, they have to provide the learner the information already coded in the form of graphs, tables etc. These help the learners to easily store those data in his/her memory in an easily remembered form. After that teachers can provide that cues to activate the coded data. This helps the students to recall the information that has already been stored in their long-term memory in an encoded form for a long time. Motivation can be referred to the reasons underlying behavior (Guay et al., 2010, p. 172). According to Gredler, Broussard and Garrison (2004) motivation can be considered as an attribute that lets us to do something or not to do something. According to Stipek (1996), ancient approaches to this study of motivation in the literary discourse on extrinsic reinforcement. According to that literature, all sort of behavior, including an individuals achievements , was considered to be controlled by reinforcement. One of the key figure of this approach includes B.F. Skinner, who identifies various categories of reinforcement. Positive reinforcement or gifts or rewards are the result that increases the chance of a particular behavior by getting rid of some negative outer stimulus. On the other hand, the fear of being punished refers to odious consequences that decrease the probability of an individuals behavior. Under this structure, the teachers job is very clear: to give satisfactory grades to reward that individual or give an awful grade or being punished. A set of empirical studies on the manipulation of motivation exists. Though these evidences describes both positive and negative effects, proposing that instructional strategies and classroom contexts can both increase or decrease students motivation. References: Broussard, S. C., Garrison, M. E. B. (2004). The relationship between classroom motivation and academic achievement in elementary school-aged children. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 33(2), 106-120. Gardner, H. (1999). Intelligence reframed: Multiple intelligences for the 21st century.  New York: Basic Books. Gage Berliner (1984). Educational Psychology Payne, D., W. Tirre. (1984). Individual differences in learning rate. Paper presented at  the Ninth Psychology in the Department of Defense Symposium, USAF Academy,  Colorado Springs, Colorado. Sternberg, R. J., Detterman, D. K. (Eds.). (1986). What is Intelligence?  Norwood, USA: Ablex. Stipek, D. J. (1996). Motivation and instruction. In D. C. Berliner R. C. Calfee (Eds.), Handbook of educational psychology (pp. 85-113). New York: Macmillan.

Was Parliament Justified In Killing the King? :: essays research papers

Despite the simplistic fact that King Charles I was the legally lawful leader of England, Parliament was more than justified in executing Charles I due to the divergent and passionate views of law and life between the people and the king in politics, society, and religion. Parliament never desired a position where they could control England with full-fledged power. They simply wanted enough limitations on the kingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s power that would guarantee the people certain rights that the king cannot take away, which juxtaposes the belief of divine right. Parliament tried numerous ways to create a structured administration where the kingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s power was restricted and Parliament, including the people that they represented, was given a voice in government but their countless tries were futile and a disappointment. Preceding the Civil War and many times after it, Parliament tried to approach the king to present to him their ideas of how power should be distributed and used. They came up with laws and regulations to resolve political problems with the king, such as the Petition of Rights, Nineteen Propositions, and Grand Remonstrance. The king declined to acknowledge these laws as genuine laws. He either signed and disregarded it or he a bsolutely refused to bother himself with the minor complaints of Parliament. This eventually led to the conclusion that King Charles I was the type of man who could not be trusted with the legal promises he made to his people. The worries of Parliament were not seen as a major concern of his and he repudiated to consider any negotiations with whatever Parliament had to say. The kingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s intractable ways caused Parliament to break away from his power before England became a place of political disaster. Although the obstinate king refused to recognize Parliamentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s authorized power and influence, he turned his back on his Protestant country to form foreign alliances against his own people. If that wasnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t ghastly enough, the king acted in an outrageous and appalling way when he put religion into the conflict and made it worse. He asked for military assistance from the Catholic pope and agreed to certain terms that could have shattered his already-destabilized country. The king denied the fact that he had been defeated by his own subjects, and he did anything he could do in his power to prevent the loss of his throne. It is not right of a true and legitimate king to overlook his people and betray them in such a horrendous and unthinkable way as to destroy the pride of his countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s religion.